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Logaritmo natural

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logaritmo natural x y = ln x 0 2,72 e1 1 7,39 e 2 2 1,00 e0
$$ \begin{aligned} & e ≐ 2,718282 \\ \\ & \ln x = \log_{e} x \\ \\ & y = \ln x \ \Longleftrightarrow \ x = e^y \end{aligned} $$

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logaritmo natural

$$ \begin{aligned} & e ≐ 2,718282 \\ \\ & \ln x = \log_{e} x \end{aligned} $$
$$ y = \ln x \ \Longleftrightarrow \ x = e^y $$
$$ \begin{aligned} & \ln x = \frac{\log_a x}{\log_a e} = \frac{\log x}{\log e} \\ \\ & \ln x = \frac{1}{\log_x e} \end{aligned} $$
$$ \begin{aligned} & \ln\left(x\cdot z\right) = \ln x + \ln z \\ \\ & \ln\left(\frac{x}{z}\right) = \ln x - \ln z \end{aligned} $$
$$ \begin{aligned} & \ln 1 = 0 \\ \\ & \ln e = 1 \end{aligned} $$
$$ \begin{aligned} & \ln x^r = r\cdot\ln x \\ \\ & \ln e^r = r \\ \\ & e^{\ln x} = \ln e^x = x \end{aligned} $$

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